/image%2F1189270%2F20210814%2Fob_eecf7e_images.jpeg)
Intambara yo muli 1990 mu Rwanda yakiwe ite n'Abanyafurika?
"Mu gihe ingabo z'inyeshyamba zinjiraga mu Rwanda, nari nkiri muri Etiyopiya. Inkuru y'icyo gitero yateye umwuka mubi mu banyafurika bari bahagarariye ibihugu byabo, babibonagamo ihohoterwa. Mu mubonano nagiranye
na bagenzi banjye mbaha ibisobanuro ku byabaye, bose bamaganye ubugambanyi bw'uwari watorerw kuyobora OUA. Ndetse n'uhagarariye igihugu cya Uganda ubwe yagaragaje ko agaye guverinoma ye kuri icyi
kibazo. Mu bwiherero, abaserukiye Uganda bahise bambwira ko banshyigikiye, bemeza kandi ko ibyabaye byagombaga kuba byanze bikunze kuko Perezida Museveni yahisemo kugabiza Uganda
abanyamahanga batanga umugayo. Nubwo bagenzi banjye b'Abanyafurika bangaragarije ko bifatanyije nanjye, nta na kimwe kigaragara cyigeze gitangazwa n'ibihugu bahagarariye. Igihugu cya
Zimbabwe cyagize impungenge kinasaba ihagarika ry'imirwano. Misiri, Senegali, Zayire, Tanzaniya, n'ibindi bihugu bike na byo byasanbye guhagarika imirwano, ariko bibikora bidashyizeho
umwete. Nkaba nkeka ko impamvu ari uko bangaga guhangana n'uwayoboraga OUA muri icyo gihe.
Mu biro by'Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa OUA bararuciye babarumira. Kubera ko Salim Ahmed, umunyamabanga mukuru w'umuryango, yari mu butumwa, yasigariweho n'uwari amwungirije w'umunyarwanda, Silivesitiri Nsanzimana, wabaye Minisitiri w'Intebe w'u Rwanda kuva mu Ukwakira 1991 kugeza muri Mata 1992. Kubera uburemere bw'ikibazo n'uruhare rwihariye rwa uwayoboraga uwo muryango yari afite muri icyo kibazo, nasabye nkomeje OUA kwamagana igitero yivuye inyuma, kandi igasaba ko amahame y'umuryango yakubahirizwa. Ariko biba iby'ubusa. Mugenzi wanjye Silivesitiri Nsanzimana yari abangamiwe n'umwanya we wamubuzaga gufata icyemezo ku giti cye mu izina rya OUA. Iyo utekereje uko uwo mugabo udasanzwe yitangiraga byimazeyo igihugu cye, ni bwo ugerageza kwiyumvisha uburyo umuryango OUA wabangamiwe.
I New York, Salim Ahmed Salim yari mu baherekeje uwari uyoboye umuryango wa OUA, ari nawe wayoboraga igihugu cyashinjwaga kugira uruhare muri iyo ntambara. Mu mategeko agenga Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afrika, umunyamabanga mukuru nta cyemezo cya politiki ashobora gufata cyabangamira imibanire hagati y'ibihugu bigize umuryango. Byongeye, ntanashobora kugira uruhande abogamiraho mu gihe havutse ikibazo imbere mu gihugu kiri mu muryango. Uruhare rwe rugarukira mu kubaza, kujya inama, guhendahenda no kwibutsa. Icyakora mu gihe igihugu kigize umuryango gishotoye ikindi, mu gihe amasezerano y'umuryango cyangwa ibyumvikanyweho bitubahirijwe, umunyamabanga mukuru cyangwa umusimbura ashobora, mu izina ry'umuryango, kwamagana iryo shotora kandi akaba yagaragaza ko abanyamuryango bifatanyije n'igihugu cyagiriwe urugomo. Ku kibazo cy'u Rwanda, ibyo ntibyakozwe. Koko rero, kuva rugikubita Perezida wa Uganda yakoresheje umwanya afite nk'uhagarariye Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika mu kugenzura no gucecekesha ushatse kugira icyo avuga kuri icyo kibazo.
Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije yahamagaye kenshi umukuriye wari i New York, ariko agahabwa buri gihe igisubizo kimwe: «Uhagarariye umuryango (ari na we nyagutera) aracyagirana imibonano na bagenzi be bo muri Afurika, u Buraya n'Amerika. Muzagezwaho amabwiriza igihe kigeze.» Mu kwezi kwa bihera bityo! Addis-Abeba, abanyamuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika ndetse nab'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bagaye cyane iyo myitwarire mugenzi wanjye wo muri Zaire yabivuze ko igaragaza «ukurangarana ibintu ndetse n'ubugambanyi». Bishoboka bite ko umukuru w'igihugu afata bugwate umuryango wose akawukoresha ku nyungu z'igihugu mu gushyigikira ihohotera ry'ikindi gihugu kiri mu umuryango? Bishoboka bite ko acecekesha umunyamabanga mukuru, yitwaje ku mugaragaro umwanya afite w'ubuyobozi bw'umuryango? Bose bamaganaga ubwo buryo bwo gukoresha umwanya w'ubuyobozi bw'umuryango kubera inyungu bwite z'igihugu cye. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri nibwo hasohotse itangazo ry'umunyamabanga mukuru wa OUA ku bibera mu Rwanda!
I New York, i Washington n'i London, Perezida Yoweri Museveni ntiyahwema kwitera umwambaro we w'umuyobozi w'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika. Ariko buri gihe akarengerera, kugeza no mu mishyikirano yabaga hagati y'ibihugu. Yagendaga asobanurira abayobozi b'ibihugu ahuye na bo ko ikibazo cy'u Rwanda ari icy'abanyarwanda ubwabo, ko igitero cya FPR ari intambara yo kwibohoza. Mu kiganiro kigenewe abanyamakuru yatanze i London, yumije abantu agira ati: «Abasirikari bafite hariya mu Rwanda ntibashobora kurinda abahungu banjye igihe kirekire. Nijye wabitoreje, ndabazi bihagije.»
Uruhare rw'Umukuru w'igihugu cya Uganda wakoraga nk'ikirumirahabiri rwagize ingaruka mbi mu myumvire y'amahanga ku kibazo cy'u Rwanda. Amahame y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yo asanzwe ashyigikira igisubizo cyumvikanyweho n'abo mu karere.
Mu kwezi kw'Ukwakira 1990 kose, uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Muryango w'Abibumbye yakoze imibonano ubutitsa, ahura n'abagize akanama k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi, abahagarariye ibihugu byabo b'Abanyarika ndetse n'ab'ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere (bita inama ry'ibihugu 77). Ibisobanuro by'uhagarariye u Rwanda byumvikanye nta ngorane, ariko havuka imbogamizi mu gihe ateganyije kugeza ikibazo ku Kanama k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi. Bagenzi bose bamugiraga inama yo kubanza kurangiza inzira zo kugikemura mu rwego rw'akarere, ni ukuvuga mu rwego rwa OUA, mbere yo kwizera ko akanama k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kagira icyo gatangaza mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. Nkuko bigaragara rero, u Rwanda rwahanganaga n'inzitane y'ibibazo bya diporomasi bitabarika kandi ipfundo ryabyo riri mu maboko y'umukuru w'igihugu cyaa Uganda. Birumvikana ko amayeri yo gutesha abandi igihe Perezida wa Uganda yakoreshaga yari agamije guhesha FPR igihe gihagije kugira ngo ifate ubutegetsi i Kigali mbere y'uko Umuryango w'Abibumbye ubyivangamo. Yoweri Museveni yakomeje kuyobora OUA kugeza mu kwezi kwa Kamena 1991. Muri icyo gihe, yaba OUA, yaba Umuryango w'Abibumbye ntibigeze bagaragaza ubushake nyabwo mu kugerageza gukemura ikibazo cyo mu Rwanda, kubera akajagari kakuruwe no kwambara impu ebyiri kwa Yoweri Museveni. Ariko tugomba kwemera ko n'abategetsi b'u Rwanda bakoze amakosa akomeye mu gushakira icyo kibazo umuti, haba imbere mu gihugu cyangwa hanze yacyo.
Kugeza umunsi intambara itera, u Rwanda rwari igihugu cy'amahoro, maze ruhita rwibasirwa n'itangazamakuru ry'isi yose rihora rihiga inkuru zishyushye. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yasezeganwaga hirwa no hino yatinze bikabije kugira icyo itangaza. Ingabo z'igihugu nizo zonyine, ─ nabwo bitari shyashya ─ , zagerageje kuziba icyuho cyatewe n'ibura ry'Umukuru w'igihugu. Umugaba w'ingabo nawe yari mu butumwa mu mahanga (bavuga ko ngo yari yagiye i Mombasa mu bibazo bye byite). Undi musirikari mukuru wari umujyanama w'Umukuru w'igihugu, yahise yiyemeza imirimo kugeza ubwo inzego nkuru z'ubuyobozi bw'ingabo z'igihugu zongeye gukora uko bisanzwe. Ariko nanone ubwoba bwari bwose. Ibyabereye i Kigali mu ijoro ryo ku wa 4 rishyira uwa 5 Ukwakira ni gihamya umuntu akwiriye gutindaho. Dore ibyo nabwiwe n'uwari umuyobozi mukuru wungirije Minisitiri w'ingabo z'igihugu, Koloneli Lewonidasi Rusatira, mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo 1990 ngiye mu biro byo ngo ampe amabwiriza, mbere y'uko njya mu mwanya nari nimuriwemo i Parisi.
Ku itariki ya 4 Ukwakira 1990, Perezida wa Repubulika yagombaga kugera i Kigali nimugoroba avuye mu ruzinduko i New York. Ku manywa, umugore wakoraga muri ambasade y'Amerika i Kigali yakiriwe n'umuyobozi mukuru wungirije Minisitiri w'ingabo z'igihugu, Colonel Lewonidasi Rusatira. Amutangariza ko afite inkuru nyamukuru ku byerekeye umutekano w'umujyi wa Kigali. Amubwira ko ibiro by'iperereza by'abanyamerika byamenye ko hari inyeshyamba nyinshi zacengeye mu murwa mukuru, by'umwihariko mu karere ka Nyamirambo. Imigambi yazo ngo akaba ari ugutera ibigo bya gisirikari byo mu murwa mukuru, bamara kubyigarurira bakigarurira n'umujyi. Ibyo bikaba byari biteganijwe gukorwa mu ijoro ryo ku wa 4 rishyira uwa 5 Ukwakira. Bikaba rero byari ngombwa ko hafatwa ingamba zo kuburizamo icyo gikorwa. Hakorwa iki mu bihe nk'ibyo? U Rwanda rwari gutinyuka gushidikanya ku makuru ruhawe n'igihugu cy'igihangange ku isi? Mu by'ukuri oya.
Koloneli Rusatira yahise abimenyesha izindi nzego bireba, nibwo hatumijwe inama ya komite yitabazwa mu bihe bikomeye. Ijoro riguye, imitwe ikomeye ya gisirikari ikwirakwizwa ahantu hose hakomeye mu murwa mukuru. Ahagana mu masamunani z'ijoro, amasasu menshi yumvikana hose, bimeze nk'aho imirwano ikomeye. Umuvandimwe banjye wari utuye mu gace ka sitade i Nyamirambo mu birometero bitatu uvuye mu mujyi arampamagara. Ambwira afite igihunga ati: «Karabaye! Ngo Inyenzi zafashe Kigali. None tubyifatemo dute?» Namugiriye inama yo kuba ategereje nkabanza nkabaza neza iby'ayo makuru. Nahise mpamagara umusirikari ufite ipeti rya Koloneli muri FAR, ntangazwa no gusanga na we ibintu byamurenze. Avuga yongorera ngo atumvwa n'Inyenzi bavugaga ko zuzuye mu mujyi, ambwira ko aryamye hasi mu ruganiriro hamwe n'umufasha we n'abana, kugira ngo badafatwa n'amasasu yayobye. Ese koko umujyi wari wafashwe n'inyeshyamba? None se niba umusirikari ukomeye nka koloneli aryamye hasi mu ruganiriro iwe, ninde wari uyoboye ingabo zagombaga guhangana n'umwanzi? Nuko mpamagara mubyara wanjye wari utuye hafi y'ikigo cy'ingabo cya Kigali, mu nkengero y'agace gatuwemo n'abayisilamu i Nyamirambo. Anyumvisha ko igisasu cya rutura kimaze kugwa inyuma y'inzu ye, kigatwara igice cy'urukuta bahuriyeho na ONATRACOM (ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe gutwara abantu), kandi ko batazi neza aho amasasu aturuka. Mu ma saa kumi n'imwe yo mu rukerera, imirwano irahosha, hahita hatangira ifatwa ry'abo bise «ibyitso», Abatutsi kimwe n'Abahutu. Umuvuduko waranze iryo fatwa ry'ibyitso wari utangaje. Mu gihe cy'amasaha 24, hagoswe abantu ibihumbi barundanywa muri sitade y'i Nyamirambo mu majyepfo y'iburarengerazuba y'umurwa mukuru. Ntibyatinze abahabyiganiraga baba bageze ku 8000.
Iryo higwa ry'abantu mu ijoro ryo kuwa 4 rishyira kuwa 5 Ukwakira ryasize ibibazo byinshi bitashubijwe. Ukuri kw'amakuru yavuye muri ambasade y'Abanyamerika kwaba kwaragenzuwe? Ese cyaba cyari igihuha gihishe indi migambi? Kubera iki? Ninde wari ubifitemo inyungu? Niba se imirwano yarabaye koko, haba haragaragajwe ibyo yangije? Ababihagazeho bo bahamya ibindi. Aho ntirwaba rwari urwitwazo rwo gusobanura impamvu bafashe ibyitso?
Mu rwego rwa gisirikari, iyo mikorere yari igamije kugaragaza imbaraga no kuburizamo icengera nyaryo ry'ibyitso ryari ryarateganyijwe muri Kigali. Byaba ari ukwirengagiza ukuri nkana guhakana ko hari abacengezi binjiraga hakoreshejwe amayeri asanzwe ya FPR. Ibimenyetso byagaragajwe igihe hafatwaga intwaro nyinshi zahishwe n'abambari ba FPR mbere y'uko intambara itangira.
Mu rwego rwa politiki, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yabashije kwitwaza iryo fatwa ry'ibyitso mu gukangurira abaturage ikibazo cy'umutekano. Abaturage bakangutse bwangu batangiye kubona umwanzi abasatira. Nibwo abaturage bahagurukiraga rimwe bagahiga umwanzi, bagaragaza rwose ko bifatanyije n'ingabo z'igihugu. Ariko mu bintu nk'ibi, ikinyoma kirashyira kikiha intebe. Abenshi mu bari bafashwe icyo gihe ntibari barigeze bumva ibya FPR. Hari abazize munyangire, abandi bafatwa bazira ubwoko bwabo. Iyo ni imwe mu ngaruka mbi z'iyo ntambara FPR ifitemo uruhare. Ese ubundi hari ukundi byari kugenda?
FPR yateye yigaragazaga nk'aho ije kubohoza Abatutsi, bityo ituma abaturage babona ko hari isano iri hagati y'uwo bwoko bwa rubanda nyamuke n'abateraga igihugu. Abatutsi bahinduka batyo ingwate za guverinoma yabakekagaho ubugambanyi itavangura, baba kandi n'ingwate za FPR yabitwazaga ikabya mu gusobanura no kumvikanisha impamvu yashoje intambara.
FPR ntiyatinyaga gukwiza ibinyoma kugira ngo iteze umwuka mubi mu gihugu no kugira ngo amahanga agirire impuhwe Abatutsi kandi muri bo ntawari ubibasabye. Mu byakurikiyeho, izo nyeshyamba zagerageza gukosora iryo kosa zishyira imbere Abahutu bake bari mu muryango, zivuga ko zigizwe n'abanyamuryango bo mu moko atandukanye. Uretse ko bibutse ibitereko basheshe, kuko amazi yari yarenze inkombe. Ubumwe bw'igihugu bwari bumaze imyaka makumyabiri bwubakwa bwari bumaze gusenywa na kalashinikovu.
Koko rero, mu Rwanda kimwe no mu Burundi, hari amoko abiri amoko arangwa n'amakimbirane y'urudaca. Kwigaragaza nk'urengera ubwoko ubu n'ubu urenganya ubundi byanze bikunze bitera kubangamira ubwa mbere. Nanone guharabika ubwoko bibutera kurushaho kurakara no kumva ko bagomba gushyira hamwe birwanaho, bikaba byanatuma bitabira ibikorwa by'ubwiyahuzi. Gihamya ni ibyabaye iwacu. Ariko se hari isomo byasigiye abantu".