Itsembabwoko ryakorewe Abatutsi

Igitabo "Uko Paulo Kagame yatanze abatutsi ho ibitambo" cyanditswe na JMV Ndagijimana, mw'icapiro LA PAGAIE.

Itsembabwoko ryakorewe abatutsi.

"Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, iyicwa rya Perezida Yuvenali Habyarimana bitegura gushyiraho guverinoma y'inzibacyuho ivuye ku masezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha (yo kuwa 4 Kanama 1993) ryateye icyuho mu butegetsi kitigeze kibaho mu Rwanda. Nkuko tuzabisesengura mu bika bizakurikira, urwo rupfu rwateguwe kandi rushyirwa mu bikorwa na Paul Kagame, Perezida w'u Rwanda rw'ubu. Ibyegeranyo byose nashoboye kumenya ariko byakomeje gukumirwa kugira ngo bitabangamira ubutegetsi bw'i Kigali byageze ku mwanzuro umwe: Aba Perezida b'Abahut, Yuvenali Habyarimana w'u Rwanda na Sipiriyani Ntaryamira w'u Burundi, abafasha babo n'abaderevu b'indege batatu bakomoka mu Bufaransa bari mu ndege ya Perezida w'u Rwanda bose bishwe ku itegeko rya Jenerali Paul Kagame washakaga gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu aho kubahiriza amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha umuryango we w'Inkotanyi wari washyizeho umukono. Nkuko tubizi, urwo rupfu rwateye akaduruvayo n'uburakari mu baturage mu gihugu cyose. Mu masaha 24 yakurikiye urwo urupfu, udutsiko tw'Interahamwe z'intagondwa z'Abahutu zashyize bariyeri mu bice byinshi by'umurwa mukuru no mu tundi duce tw'igihugu. Ibihumbi by'Abatutsi n'Abahutu batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi baricwa, baranigwa bazira gusa ko bakekwagaho kuba ibyitso bishyigikiye umwanzi FPR yahitanye Umukuru w'igihugu.

Mu giturage abagabo n'abagore, ba data, ba mama, abavandimwe bacu, bashiki bacu, abana bacu, abasaza, akambwe bicwa nk'aho ari umukino, akenshi hakoreshejwe imipanga, ubuhiri, ibyuma, amagerenade cyangwa imbunda, bajugunywa mu byobo abandi banikwa ngo baribwe n'inkongoro. Iyo nkubiri y'ubwicanyi yakorwaga akenshi n'abantu bamwe b'abaturage n'abasirikari babaga banyoye urumogi bakagenda bazenguruka imisozi. Abanyamahanga batangiye gusobanukirwa ibyakorwaga hashize amezi. Ni bwo basanze koko harabaye itsembabwoko rikorewe Abatutsi. Nanone urupfu rwa Perezida Juvenali Habyarimana ntirugomba kuba urwitazo rw’ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwagiriwe Abatutsi, n’ubwo ali bwo bwabibereye  imbarutso.

Muri Kamena 1991, nari i Kigali nkurikirana imirimo ya nyuma ya kongere yo mu rwego rw'igihugu y'ishyaka rukumbi rya kera, MRND. Mama yumva ko ngendana n'abayobozi b'amashyaka atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, antumaho ngo tubonane. Numvise ko «ntumiwe» n'umuntu nari nsigaranye wampaga impanuro z'ingirakamaro nyuma y'aho Data atabarukiye muri Mutarama 1990. Nahise njya ku musozi w'iwacu, kure cyane ya Kigali, hafi ya Bukavu, umurwa mukuru w'intara ya Kivu ho muri Zayire. Mama yari Umututsikazi uba mu cyaro, ntahamya niba yari akimenya gusoma no kwandika. Yari umugore w'ingufu muri komini yaose azwiho gukamirwa n'amaboko, kuko yari yaratsinze amarushanwa menshi y'abaturage basobanukiwe n'ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere. Byatumaga bamwe bavuka ko icyo yari afite cya gitutsi ari isura nsa.

Mu Rwanda, Abatutsi bafatwa nk'aborozi naho Abahutu bakaba abahinzi. Mama yari Umututsikazi ku isura ariko abana na bose, arenga iby'amoko, agera mu murima mu museso agataha izuba rirenze. Ariko mbere ya byose akaba umubyeyi urangwa no gushyira mu gaciro, wuje urukundo kandi w'inyangamugayo. 

Maze kwambuka bingoye ishyamba rya Nyungwe, mba ngeze i Gihango bwije nsanga antegereje. Tumaze kuramukanya, umubyeyi wanjye utarakundaga kuvuga ibya politiki ahita ambwira irimuniga, agira ati: «Mwana wanjye, numvise ko waba uri mu ishyaka rya Fawusitini Twagiramungu urwanya Habyarimana. Nshaka kumenya icyo unenga Perezida.» Natunguwe no kumva icyo kibazo kiva mu kanwa k'umubyeyi wanjye. Mbere yuko mubonera igisobanuro gihwitse, yansobanuriye icyari kimuhangayikishije nyakuri. Agira ati: «Mwana wanjye uzi ko twagize agahenge kuva uyu mu Perezida yafata ubutegetsi. Mbere ye, twabagaho tutariho. Kubera Habyarimana, turaryama tugasinzira kubera ko ubu dufite amahoro tutigeze tugira kuva muri 1959 kugeza muri 1973. None nawe ngo ushaka gushyigikira ishyaka rya MDR rishaka kudusubiza ahabi? Wafashwe n'iki?» Nahise numva ako kanya ko uwo Mama yitaga «twebwe» ari ubwoko bw'Abatutsi. Nahise numva  kandi ko ishyaka rya MDR ivuguruye nashakaga kuyoboka ryaba ryarakoze ikosa ryo gufata inyito ya kera yo mu bihe by'impinduramatwara yasize ibisare mu mitima y'Abatutsi.

Mama n'abandi b'Abatutsi benshi bafataga Perezida Habyarimana nk'umurinzi, iteme, urukuta bisunga rukabakingira urugomo rw'intagondwa. Mu by'ukuri, kuva aho Jenerali Habyarimana afatiye ubutegetsi kugeza umunsi ingabo za FPR zitera u Rwanda, Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda  barinzwe amakimbirane ya politiki yabibasiraga buri munsi hagati ya 1959 na 1973. Nubwo nta wakwirengagiza ihezwa riteye agahinda ryari rishingiye ku iringaniza ryakozwe nabi ku ngoma ya Perezida Habyarimana, igihe cy'amahoro n'ubwisanzure bw'abaturage mu gihugu ntaho byari bihuriye n'ibivugwa ubu na bamwe mu bigize impuguke z'u Rwanda, ndetse bamwe muri bo barahoze ari abambari bakomeye b'ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Ukuri kugomba kuvugwa kuri uwo mugabo utari inyamaswa nkuko abanzi be babivugaga. By'umwihariko mu rwego rw'imibanire hagati y'amoko y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi, Perezida Habyarimana ntiyari intagondwa ivangura Abatutsi. Ibiri amambu, mu myaka 17 yamaze ku butegetse, nta Mututsi n'umwe wigeze yicwa azize amakimbirane ya politiki. Ahubwo kuva muri 1973 kugera muri 1990, Perezida Habyarimana yarwanye inkundura yo kurengera Abatutsi abakiza intagondwa z'abategetsi bigambaga ko bazabacecekesha igihe nikigera. Amaze gushegeshwa n'intambara nibwo amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko yongeye kuvunduka. Mu bigize impuguke ku bibazo by'u Rwanda hazagire umbwira nibura izina rimwe ry'Umututsi wigeze ahutazwa, afungwa cyangwa yicwa mu Rwanda ku mpamvu za politiki hagati y'itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973 n'itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990! Ihirika ry'ubutegetsi ryo muri 1973 ryatumye muri za gereza hicirwa abanyepolitiki ba kera b'Abahutu bakomoka mu karere kari karihariye urubuga rwa politiki mu gihugu kugeza icyo gihe. Byongeye, intagondwa z'Abahutu zakomeje gushinja Perezida Habyarimana kurengera cyane Abatutsi, kugera naho zivuga ko igihugu yagitegeje rubanda nyamuke y'Abatutsi. Kubera ko hari agatsiko k'Abatutsi bakomeye bari barigaruriye zimwe mu nzego z'ubukungu bw'igihugu kuva muri 1973. Iryo shyari ribi Perezida Habyarimana yahoraga yamagana mu magambo mbwirwaruhame ryagaragaye mu dutsiko tw'intagondwa zafashe iya mbere mu bwicanyi bw'Abatutsi iteme ryari Habyarimana rimaze gucika.

Inkubi y'urwango rushingiye ku moko yakomeje gukumirwa na Perezida w'Umuhutu yisenyuye ku Rwanda, igeze ku Batutsi isya itanzitse. No mu bataravugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bo mu gihugu, nta  n'umwe wifuzaga urupfu rubi kandi rutunguranye rwa Perezida Habyarimana. Uretse intege nke ze, buri wese yari azi ko uwo mugabo yaharaniye amahoro n'ituze n'uburinganire bw'amoko. Mu gihugu cy'ibibazo nk'u Rwanda, aho 85% by'abaturage bahora bakubita agatoki ku kandi bibuka imyaka isaga magana ane bamaze batotezwa kandi bategekwa n'ubwoko nyamuke, iringaniza rishingiye ku moko riteguwe neza riruta incuro karijana itsembabwoko ryo muri 1994. Buri wese yari abizi ko urupfu rwa Habyarimana rushobora kuba intandaro y'imvururu. Paul Kagame yari yarabimenyeshejwe n'abanyepolitiki ndetse n'abanyemari b'Abatutsi bo mu gihugu, uzwi cyane akaba yari umushoramari Karoli Shamukiga. Mu izina ry'abandi Batutsi, uyu yagejeje ubutumwa kenshi kuri Paul Kagame, amwinginga kwirinda icyaca intege Perezida Habyarimana wari uhanganye n'intagondwa. Umukuru wa FPR yebitaye inyuma ya Huye. Ahitamo igisubizo cya nyuma, harimbuka abantu 800.000 mu mezi atatu. Umuntu ashobora kwemeza atikanga ko iyo Perezida Habyarimana aba akiriho, itsembabwoko nk'iryo ritashoboraga kubaho. 

Uwo mugabo yategetse u Rwanda imyaka 17 ntawe basangira ubutegetsi. Iyo aba yarigeze yanga Abatutsi, ntiyari gutegereza ko abanza kwicwa kugira ngo atange uburenganzira bwo kubarimbura. Kubaza icyo kibazo, ni no kugisubiza. Yuvenali Habyarimana ntiyigeze yifuza cyangwa ngo ategure  itsembabwoko ry'Abatutsi. Ahubwo uwateguye urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana ni na we wakuruye nkana uburakari n'urwango rw'indengakamere byateje itsembabwoko ryo mu marembera y'ikinyejana cya 20. Nicyo gituma uwateguye urwo rupfu afite uruhare nk'urw'abaguye muri uwo mutego mutindi bica imbaga y'inzirakarengane. Abishe Perezida wa Repubulika n'abandi bitwaje ko bamuhorera bica abavandimwe babo bose basangiye icyaha cy'itsembabwoko ryakurikiyeho. Perezida Habyarimana n'abiciwe hamwe na we nibo ba mbere bazize itsembabwoko ryabaye mu Rwanda.

Juvenali Habyarimana ntiyari intungane. Yakoze amakosa nta kabuza. Kubera imirimo yari ashinzwe, niwe wa mbere mu bagize uruhare mu rupfu rw'abanyarwanda bishwe mu nkubiri yo guhirika ubutegetsi muri 1973, kimwe n'ibikorwa byo guhora byabaye mu gihe cy'intambara hagati y'itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 6 Mata 1994. Ariko turekeraho kumwitirira ibyaha byakozwe n'abantu bazwi, byabaye nyuma y'urupfu rwe rubarwa kuri Paul Kagame.

Ndetse no mu ntambara, mu gihe yari amaze gushegeshwa mu rwego rwa politiki, yotswa igitutu n'ingabo za FPR, anahanganye n'abataravugaga rumwe na we mu gihugu, Perezida Habyarimana, bamukunda batamukunda, yakomeje kuba iteme ntarengwa ryarinze ubusugire bw'igihugu. Dore inkuru itangaje ibisobanura. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1993, nabwiye Fawusitini Twagiramungu  ibihuha cyavugaga ko Perezida wa Repuburika yashakaga kwegura mbere y'ishyirwaho rya guverinoma y'inzibacyuho yaguye. Uwari yarahitiwemo kuba Ministiri w'intebe yarambwiye ati: «Ugize ngo iki? Agenda se ajya he? Ubwo rero arashaka kudusigira iki gihugu ngo kidusandarireho? Ahubwo twakwemera tukamujisha, kuko muri ibi bihe ntawundi washobora kuba Prezida. Yaba yarasinyiye iki amasezerano ya Arusha? Jye ndumva ari ibihuha ariko ndabaza Enoch menye ibyo ari byo. 

Icyo gisubizo umwe mu bamurwanyaga yatanze hasigaye ukwezi kumwe ngo bice Perezida Habyarimana kiragaragaza ko no mu maso y'abo batavugaga rumwe, Jenerali Habyarimana yakomeje gufatwa nk'ingabo ikingira ubusugire bw'igihugu. Nguyu uwarwanyaga ubutegetsi mu magambo ya politiki yavugiraga mu ruhame muri za mitingi z'abaturage no mu yandi manama ashyushye yo mu ishyaka rye, akaba atarahwemye gusaba Perezida wa Repubulika kwegura ku butegetsi, nyamara mu by'ukuri yishakira kwicazwa ku ntebe y'inzibacyuho mu mutuzo naho Perezida wa Repubulika akubitwa imihini!

Iyo myifatire ya Minisititri w'Intebe w'Inzibacyuho kimwe n'imyumvire ye ku byerekeye akaduruvayo kashoboraga kuvuka mu gihe Perezida Habyarimana yaba yeguye biragaragaza ikintu kimwe : ni uko haba mu Batutsi bari mu gihugu, haba mu Bahutu bataravugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, nta n'umwe wifuzaga ko Perezida Habyarimana yavaho yishwe, kubera ko byari guteza akaduruvayo mu rwego rwa politiki. Abakomeje kugira icyo gitekerezo kibi ni abumvaga ko ntacyo bahomba kandi bashaka kuririra kuri ako kaduruvayo ngo bafata ubutegetsi. Paul Kagame n'agatsiko ke k'intagondwa kugeza ubu bigaruriye ubuyobozi bw'Umuryango wa FPR nibo bonyine bungukiye ku rupfu rwa Juvenali Habyarimana. Amwica, Paul Kagame yashenye iteme ryarindaga igihugu inzangano zishingiye ku moko. Nuko amazi arenga inkombe yiroha mu turere twose y'u Rwanda, nka tsunami, bitera akangaratete hanameneka amaraso tuzi twese.