MANDELA W’ABANYARWANDA AZIGARAGAZA RYARI?

Byanditswe na Bangamwabo Abel, muli Afurika y’Epfo

Mandela, umukambwe wo muri Afrika y’Epfo yitabye Imana afite imyaka 95 y’amavuko ku italiki 05 Ukuboza 2013.Uwo musaza bitaga TATA Madiba (Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela), yarwanije ubutegetsi bw’ivanguramoko: Apartheid. Ubwo butegetsi bw’abazungu bwavanguye Abirabura (rubanda nyamwinshi) n’Abazungu (nyamuke) imyaka n’imyaka. Muri iryo vanguramoko, abazungu bigaruriye amasambu yera cyane 70%, maze abirabura babasigira ibiharabuge, bingana na 30% by’ubutaka bw’igihugu cyose. Mu turere babaciriyemo (bantustans) ntibari bemerewe gusohokamo ngo binjire mu gihugu cyabo South Africa nta cyangombwa cyitwa “pass” bafite. Mandela yavukiye muri kamwe muri utwo turere kazwi ku izina rya “Transkei”. Nyuma abazungu batangiye gukoresha abirabura muri ariya masambu meza bari bamaze kwigarurira, babakoresha mu binombe bacukura amabuye y’agaciro, babakoresha mu nganda zabo, guharura imihanda, ibi byose nta gihembo, ahubwo bakubitwa ibiboko buri munsi, n’ibindi bibi byinshi ntiriwe mvuga.

Abirabura b’inkwakuzi bibumbiye mu ishyaka African National Congress (ANC), barimo uyu mukambwe Mandela, banze ako karengane, biyemeza kurwanya Apartheid bivuye inyuma. Babanje gusaba ibiganiro naba gashakabuhake, birananirana, nibwo Umusaza Mandela yiyemeje kujya hanze y’igihugu gushinga umutwe wa gisirikare wiswe “Umkhotho we Sizwe” (spear of the nation) bisobanura ‘intwaro y’igihugu’, kugirango ahangane n’ubutegetsi bwa Apartheid ; kuko ari yo nzira yonyine yari isigaye ngo bumvishe abazungu ko nabo ari ibiremwa muntu. Akigaruka nibwo yatawe muri yombi n’abapolisi bamurega ibirego 221, birimo ibyaha by’iterabwoba (terrorism) no guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu (sabotage); bimuviramo gukatirwa burundu.

Mandela ageze mu buroko ntiyacitse intege, kandi ntibyaciye intege abo asize inyuma. Abo yasize inyuma bakomeje guhangana n’ubutegetsi baharanira uburenganzira bwabo, kugeza ubwo afunguriwe, amaze imyaka 27 mu buroko.

Mandela yabaye ikirangirire ku isi ubwo yahoshaga imvururu zari zigiye kwaduka hagati y’abirabura n’abazungu biturutse kw’ iyicwa ry’umugaba w’ingabo z’ Umkhotho we Sizwe; Chris Hani ku italiki ya 10 Mata 1993. Ubwo Mandela yafashe ijambo, asaba abirabura ko bagira umutima wo kwihangana. Abirabura nabo kubera ko bakundaga, kandi bakemera umuyobozi wabo, bashyize intwaro hasi, maze bumva inama n’amabwiriza ya Mandela. Inyigisho n’ibitekerezo bya Mandela bishingiye ku rukundo, kubabarirana, gukorera rubanda no gufasha abatishoboye byatumye aba ikirangirire, maze bituma abana ba Afrika y’Epfo baturana mu mahoro, kandi bari bamaze imyaka n’imyaka bari mu midugararo. Ng’uwo Mandela waherekejwe n’abantu batagira ingano ku italiki ya 15 Ukuboza 2013; akaba yarabaye uwa mbere ku isi washyinguwe n’abantu benshi, barimo abanyacyubahiro batagira ingano, agashingurwa nk’Intwari ibikwiye koko.

Iwacu mu Rwanda.

Igihugu cyacu nacyo gifite amateka afite aho ahuriye n’ay’Afrika y’Epfo. Nk'uko muri Afrika y’Epfo ba gashakabuhake banze kwigisha amateka y’icyo gihugu abirabura, ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi nabwo bwanze kwigisha abana b’u Rwanda amateka. Amateka atubwira ko Abatutsi bagera mu Rwanda bahasanze Abahinza (abami b’abahutu), maze Abatutsi bakabicira kubamara. Bamaze kwirenza Abahinza, Abatutsi bahise bigarurira amasambu y’Abahutu. Ni uko abatutsi bategeka abahutu gukora muri ayo masambu, bakorera umwami w’umututsi, wabahembaga gukubitwa “ibiboko”. Ibi bikaba byarabaye imyaka amagana. Abahutu ntabwo bashoboye kwihanganira aka karengane. Nibwo mu bahutu bashoboye gukandagira mu ishuri (dore ko bitari byoroshye ngo umuhutu arikandagiremo), bibumbiye mu mashyaka ya MDR (Mouvement Démocratique Républicain) na PARMEHUTU (Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu), baje gushyira ingufu mu ishyaka rimwe ryiswe MDR-PARMEHUTU maze batangira kugaragaza ko batishimiye ubutegetsi bw’ingoma ya cyami. Umwami n’Abiru be ntibakozwaga impinduka ya politiki. Bo bashakaga ko, bakumva ko umuhutu agomba kuguma mu bucakara,dore ko Abiru bavugaga ko "Umuhutu n'Umututsi atari abavandimwe,ko icyo bazi gusa ngo ni uko Umuhutu ari umugaragu w'Umututsi"!Impirimbanyi za ‘Demokrasi’ ntizacitse intege, zakomeje kugaragaza akarengane k’umuhutu, maze baza kwegukana intsinzi binyuze mu matora ya Kamarampaka yabaye kw’itakili ya 25 Nzeri 1961.Umwami n’ibyegera bye banze ibivuye mu matora, bahitamo guhunga igihugu kubera ubwibone. Icyo gihe bavugaga ko ngo “batategekwa n’abagaragu babo: umuhutu.”

Bageze mu buhungiro, bagerageje kugaruka ku ngufu. Nibwo bashyiragaho umutwe bise ‘INYENZI’(INgangurarugo Yiymeje kuba ingENZI) wagabye ibitero hagati ya 1963-1967. Uyu mutwe w’INYENZI warahashijwe muri iki gihe kubera Abahutu bari bashyize hamwe. Wongeye kubura umutwe muri 1990, ariko ugaba igitero witwa RPF-Inkotanyi uyobowe na General Major Fred Rwigema. Bagabye ibitero simusiga byagiye byoreka imbaga y’abanyarwanda. Igitero simusiga cyo muri 1994 cyabagejeje ku butegetsi, cyasize cyivuganye umukuru w’iguhugu, ndetse gikongeza ubwicanyi burenze urugero bwiswe genocide na ONU. Na n’ubu FPR-Inkotanyi ikaba igikomeje kwica urubozo abanyarwanda bari mugihugu, no gukurikira abayihunze ikabatsinda imahanga!

FPR-Inkotanyi ikimara gufata ubutegetsi i Kigali, yashyizeho ubutegetsi bushingiye ku kinyoma, no ku iterabwoba. Ishyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kw’ivanguramoko mu nzego zose z’ubutegetsi mu gihugu. Umuhutu ararira ayo kwarika, ni uwo gutabarwa; ntagira ibye mu gihugu, arahinga bakamurandurira imyaka, baramusenyera amazu buri munsi, bakamunyaga ibye nta ngurane, arahohoterwa ntabone umurenganura.

None se Tata Madiba w’abanyarwanda azigaragaza ryari?

Nk’uko twabibonye kandi bizwi na bose, umunyarwanda arababaye. Yaracunagujwe hirya no hino, ishema rye riratakara, yiswe igicibwa kandi arengana. Njye rero nkaba nsanga igihe ari iki cy’uko Mandela wacu yakwigaragaza.

Mandela wacu afite ibibazo bitatu by’ingorabahizi agomba gushakira umuti mbere y’ibindi byose : (i) guhuza cg se kunga abahutu ubwabo, (ii) kunga cg se guhuza abahutu n’abatutsi no (iii) gushyiraho umutwe w’ingabo, nagereranya nka “Umkhotho we Sizwe.”

Iyo witegereje neza usanga ahubwo umugabo uziyemeza uyu murimo atazahura n’ibibazo bikomeye cyane nk’uko tubikeka. Reka tubirebere hamwe.

(i) Kunga abahutu ubwabo

Amacakubiri hagati y’abahutu yatangiye muri Rebublika ya mbere ubwo abari ku butegetsi bagiye bitana amazina ngo bamwe« bataye umurongo » abandi bati ngo bagiye « munduruburi ». Iyi ndwara mu bahutu yafashe intera muri Republika ya kabiri, aho amagambo « umukiga n’umunyenduga » yahawe umwanya mu kujorana, haba mu mikorere cyangwa mu guhabwa imyanya mu nzego zose. Iyi politiki yatumye abahutu bananirwa gushyira hamwe.Maze Inkotanyi tuziha icyuho,none dore aho ibintu bigeze! Mandela wacu ariko afite amahirwe menshi yo kuyivura igakira burundu kuko twamaze kumenya ko abayikoresha ari inkozi z’ibibi, abanyabyaha n’abanebwe bo ku mpande zombi (abakiga n’abanyenduga) baba bashaka gutwikira amakosa yabo; maze baba bahawe ibihano bagashaka imbaraga aho bakomoka , bakagenda bababeshya ko ngo barenganijwe kandi ibintu barajambije bitavugwa. Gukira iyi ndwara rero biroroshye cyane. Umuhutu akaba asabwe kwima amatwi umuntu wese uzaza amusanga yitwaje indirimbo y’uturere.

Dusabwe twese kuba inyangamugayo nk’uko ba sogokuru bahoze, uwakosheje tumugaye, uwakoze neza tumuvuge ibigwi tutitaye kureba aho akomoka. Ngo « ibuye ryagaragaye ntiriba ricyishe isuka. »

(ii) Kunga umuhutu n’umututsi.

Madiba w’abanyarwanda afite ikibazo kimwe, cyo guhuza aya moko yombi ahora ashamiranye, apfa ubutegetsi n’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Umugabo uziyemeza guhuza aya moko agomba kuba inararibonye, kuba ashishoza kubera ibinyoma tuzi byagiye biranga bamwe ngo bavukana imbuto, zibaha uburenganzira n’ubushobozi bwo gutegeka abandi.

Umuhutu ati :Abahinza banjye batsembwe n’umututsi, nkora uburetwa mpembwa ikiboko, ngomba indishyi z’akababaro. Agakomeza avuga ko guhera muri 1990 yagarujwe umuheto, ndetse ko niyo yarorongotaniye iyo mu mashyamba ya Congo bamusanzeyo, umuhutu akamarirwa kw’icumu. Ariko ibi byose barabirengaho bakamutegeka no kwemera icyaha atakoze!

Umututsi nawe ati mwaranyishe guhera muri Revolisiyo ya 1959 (atanemera) kugeza muri genocide ya 1994. None abahutu mwese mugomba kwemera icyaha, ndetse n’ababakomokaho bakavukana icyo cyaha (ni icyaha ubu gukomoka k’umuhutu). Kubera icyo cyaha karemano, umuhutu ntakwiriye gutegeka, umututsi niwe ugomba kubayobora ubuziraherezo. Mbere ngo bavukanaga imbuto, nibyo bitwazaga, ubu rero icyaha cy’inkomoko bageretse k’umuhutu nirwo rwitwazo rwo kwiharira ubutegetsi !

Amahirwe Mandela wacu afite ni uko hari abatutsi babona iyi gahunda ari uburyarya n' ikinyoma gikabije. Intebe y’ ikinyoma ngo ntabwo yicarwaho kabili. Abatutsi b’inyangamugayo batangiye kwamagana izi gahunda za RPF-Inkotanyi kubera ko zirenganya abahutu. Babona ko byanze bikunze tugomba kubana muri kiriya gihugu Rurema yaduhayeho umurage, tureshya, tungana, ntawe uryamira undi, kandi buri wese yishyira akizana. Intambara z’urudaca zikurikiwe n’ubwicanyi zimaze kurambira benshi, kandi byaragaragaye ko zitazakemura ibibazo biri hagati yacu. Bamwe mu batutsi bamaze twiyumvisha ko Imana yaduhaye igihugu ngo tukibemo twese, ntawe uheje undi cyangwa se ngo amugire umucakara.

Basubije amaso inyuma,maze basanga intambara zidusubiza inyuma aho kujya imbere.

Nitumara kumva ko twese turi ibiremwa by'Imana,tukabona ko ntaho intambara zitwerekeza;tuzafata « umugambi umwe » maze dufatane urunana nk’abonse rimwe, twiyemeze kubaka igihugu ntawe uhejwe. Tugire igihugu kizira induru, ahubwo kibe akarorero mu mahanga yose. Aha rero niho twari dukwiye twese kugaruka ku mahame ya Tata Mandela, amahame y’urukundo, yo kuvugisha ukuri, yo gusabana imbabazi, yo kubabarirana, no kwita ku bababaye, maze igihugu cyacu cyongere gitembe « amata nk’ubuki », binyuze muri demokrasi isesuye izira uburyarya. Aha niho buri wese agomba kugira ibyo yigomwa. Bamwe bazahamagarirwa kureka uburyarya, kwikuza no kwikanyiza, abandi nabo basabwe kureba inyungu za rubanda koko, bitandukanye no guhoza ibifu byabo imbere. Bamenye ko umuntu ari nk'undi. Iri hurizo naryo tuzaritsinda kuko nkeka ko tumaze kubona ibibi byinshi kandi bikaba bidusubiza inyuma aho gutera imbere.

(iii) Dukeneye Umkhonto we Sizwe

Mandela yashinze Umkhoto we Sizwe ari uko abazungu bavuniye ibiti mu matwi bakanga gushyikirana. Kugeza aya magingo Kagame n’agatsiko ke ntibakozwa icyitwa imishyikirano. Amashyaka ya opozisiyo akorera imbere mu gihugu no hanze yakomeje gusaba Leta y’u Rwanda kugirana imishikirano mu mugambi wo gushyiraho Leta yo kunga abana b’u Rwanda, ariko FPR yakomeje kubyangira. Yewe n’abayobozi b’ibihugu barabimusabye ariko ntiyumva. Uwo twibuka cyane ni mugenzi we Nyakubahwa Kikwete Perezida wa Tanzaniya. Aho kumva inama ye ahubwo yifashe ku gahanga aramutuka ndetse anavuga ko Kikwete "atazamenya ikimukubise". Kugira ngo ingoma ya Apartheid (ivanguramoko) iyobowe na FPR-Inkotanyi ive ku izima, hagomba umutwe wa gisirikare wo kubumvisha ko na nyina wundi ashobora kubyara agahungu.Uwo mutwe rero turawufite; ABACUNGUZI ba FDLR. Mu minsi ishize nashimishijwe no kubona amashyaka akorera hanze ndetse n’akorera imbere mu gihugu barishyize hamwe mu kwamagana ibikorwa byo kwambura intwaro abarwanyi ba FDLR. Ayo mashayaka ni RDI Rwanda Rwiza n’abo bafatanije, PDR IHUMURE, RNC –FDU INKINGI, ndetse na PS Imberakuri. Ibi biragaragariza Abanyarwanda ko umugambi wo kunga abahutu ubwabo, ndetse no guhuza abahutu n’abatutsi biri kujya mu buryo.

Umugabo uzayobora "Umkhonto we Sizwe" niwe uzarangaza imbere abana b’u Rwanda akaba agomba kugarura isura mbi yangijwe na FPR Inkotanyi n’abambari bayo. Aka kazi nako nkaba mbona katazamukomerera kuko amahanga yose amaze kumenya ko Inkotanyi n’abayobozi bazo aribo bicanyi butwi, bamariye abaturage b’u Rwanda ndetse bakamarira ku icumu abaturage b'ibihugu bikikije u Rwanda kubera inyota yabo yo guhoora no gushaka guhaka ibihugu. Amaraporo n’abatangabuhamya barahari, ntabwo dukeneye kubihimba nk’uko batekenika ibinyoma iyo bashaka kwirenza uwo badashaka.

Madiba wacu ni inde ?

Umugabo w’inyangamugayo, ushishoza bihagije, uvugisha ukuri, utishyira hejuru, utagendera ku macakubiri uko asa kose, umugabo utagira ibyo abazwa mu makuba yagwiriye u Rwanda. Umugabo w’impirimbanyi, wagaragaje cg se ugaragaza ko yitaye ku kababaro k’abanyarwanda, umugabo urwanya akarengane uko kaba kameze kose. Uwo mugabo niwe u Rwanda rukeneye ubu. Uwo mugabo se ni inde ? Dore amwe mu mazina ahita yigaragaza ku rutonde rw’abo dutezeho umukiro :

1. Maitre Bernard Ntaganda

2. Madame Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza.

3. Bwana Faustin Twagiramungu

4. Bwana Paul Rusesabagina

5. Bwana JMV Ndagijimana

6. Bwana Joseph Matata

Maitre Ntaganda na Madame Umuhoza : Aba barwanashyaka bagaragaje ko bakunda abanyarwanda by’umwihariko, biyemeza gukorera mu gihugu imbere, babwira Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi imbona nkubone ko igihe kigeze ngo bahe abanyarwanda amahoro. Aho kumva ijwi ry’amahoro ry’aba banyapolitiki, intagondwa ziri ku butegetsi zahisemo kubacecekesha burundu, zibajugunya mu gihome.

Ba Bwana Twagiramungu na Rusesabagina : Izi nyangamugayo nazo zagaragaje ubushake mu gushakira umuti urambye ibibazo byugarije igihugu. RPF-Inkotanyi zarabahize, bakizwa n’amaguru. Bageze hanze ntibacitse intege, bakomeje kuba ijwi rya rubanda. Aba bombi nkaba mbona bafite amahirwe menshi yo kuyobora uru rugamba rwo kubohoza abana b’u Rwanda bari mu menyo y’ikirura.

Ba Bwana Ndagijimana na Matata nabo bari mu mpirimbanyi tubona bashobora ruriya rugamba rwo kubohora abana b'u Rwanda. Ngaho rero nimuhaguruke mwiyemeze, twiteguye twese kubashigikira n'imbaraga zacu twese. Ufite abandi twakongera kuri uru rutonde cyangwa akatwungura ibitekerezo tumuhaye ikaze.

Twebwe abanyarwanda dusabwe iki ?

Turasabwa kwicisha bugufi, tukibuka ko uburenganzira bwawe burangirira aho ubwa mugenzi wawe butangirira. Twese umuhutu, umutwa n’umututsi twababariye muri kiriya gihugu, kandi si umunyamahanga waduteje amakuba, nitwe ubwacu twikururiye umuriro, turawota, amahanga aradukwena. Niyo mpamvu tugomba kwitandukanya n’ingeso y’ubwibone, kwishongora, kwikuza, mpatsibihugu n’ingeso yo guhoora ; tukareka n’ingeso yo kwimakaza inda nini no kwikubira . Tugasaranganya ibyiza by’igihugu, tukarangwa no gusesengura utuntu n’utundi. Reka turangwe no kugira impuhwe, tubabarirane tubivanye ku mutima maze twibanire mu gihugu cy’imisozi igihumbi. Maze ahubwo tujye duca umugani tuti ; Harabaye ntihakabe, hapfuye ubwibone n’amacakubiri, hasigara ubumwe n’amahoro muri bene Kanyarwanda.

Mboneyeho kubifuriza Noheli Nziza ndetse no kubifuriza umwaka mushya muhire w’i 2014 umwaka dutezeho impinduka nyinshi mu Rwanda rwacu.

Uwiteka akomeze abarindire aho muri hose mu mirimo yanyu .

Bangamwabo Abel

Afurika y’Epfo

E-mail : abelbanga@gmail.com

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